Heaven ​and Hell 1 csillagozás

A History of the Afterlife
Bart D. Ehrman: Heaven and Hell Bart D. Ehrman: Heaven and Hell

A ​New York Times bestselling historian of early Christianity takes on two of the most gripping questions of human existence: where did the ideas of heaven and hell come from, and why do they endure?

What happens when we die? A recent Pew Research poll showed that 72% of Americans believe in a literal heaven, 58% in a literal hell. Most people who hold these beliefs are Christian and assume they are the age-old teachings of the Bible. But eternal rewards and punishments are found nowhere in the Old Testament and are not what Jesus or his disciples taught.

So where did the ideas come from?

In clear and compelling terms, Bart Ehrman recounts the long history of the afterlife, ranging from The Epic of Gilgamesh up to the writings of Augustine, focusing especially on the teachings of Jesus and his early followers. He discusses ancient guided tours of heaven and hell, in which a living person observes the sublime blessings of heaven for those who are saved and… (tovább)

Tartalomjegyzék

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Simon & Schuster, New York, 2020
352 oldal · keménytáblás · ISBN: 9781501136733
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Simon & Schuster, New York, 2020
ASIN: B07W4S1C5V · Felolvasta: John Bedford Lloyd
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Simon & Schuster, New York, 2020
346 oldal · ASIN: B07TH9DXWB

Kedvencelte 1

Várólistára tette 3

Kívánságlistára tette 3


Kiemelt értékelések

Suzy_Suzy P>!
Bart D. Ehrman: Heaven and Hell

Bart D. Ehrman: Heaven and Hell A History of the Afterlife

Nagyon szeretem Bart D. Ehrman könyveit. A tudományos biblia- és valláskutatásból származó ismereteket a laikusok számára is közérthető, olvasmányos stílusban adja át. Jelen könyv a Mennyország és a Pokol doktrínájának evolúciójáról szól. Mert bizony evolúcióról beszélhetünk. A héber Biblia (más néven Ótestamentum) szerzői, sőt, maga Jézus, vagy éppen Pál apostol sem abban hittek a Mennyel és a Pokollal kapcsolatban, ami manapság a keresztények körében a legelterjedtebb hit. Hát akkor miben? Ez kiderül a könyvből. Legyen elég, hogy nagyon hosszú utat tettünk meg míg eljutottunk oda, hogy van Menny és Pokol, a jók a Mennybe jutnak örök dicsőségre, a rosszak meg a Pokolba örök kárhozatra. A túlvilági élet doktrínájának alakulását egyértelműen alakították az adott korok történelmi és társadalmi körülményei. És persze nem szabad elfelejteni a judaizmust és a kereszténységet érő külső kulturális hatásokat sem: nevezetesen a görög filozófia, illetve a környező pogány (görög-római) világ hiedelmeinek hatását sem.
Ha valaki esetleg fél a Pokoltól, annak pedig különösen ajánlom ezt az olvasmányt: szerintem ki fogja gyógyítani ebből a félelemből. ;)


Népszerű idézetek

Suzy_Suzy P>!

In the centuries between Homer and Virgil, more than any other thinker and writer, it was Plato who developed the notion of postmortem justice for both the virtuous and the wicked. Plato himself did not invent the idea of rewards and punishments in the afterlife. He was building on earlier views, as he himself tells us. But it was Plato who most influenced later thinking, leading ultimately to the views of heaven and hell that developed centuries later in the Christian tradition.

57-58. oldal, 4. fejezet - Will Justice Be Done? The Rise of Postmortem Rewards and Punishments (Simon & Schuster, 2020)

Bart D. Ehrman: Heaven and Hell A History of the Afterlife

Suzy_Suzy P>!

Some ancient philosophers found such views of postmortem blessings and curses very disturbing and disruptive—not for themselves personally but for people at large. There was a strong minority position that maintained that tales of the afterlife, and the beliefs based on them, were damaging to a person’s well-being, since they corresponded to no reality. In this alternative view, the horrors of the afterlife in particular were pure fictions that not only terrorized innocent people but forced them to behave in ways contrary to their health and happiness. Of those who held such skeptical views, none was more important than the Greek philosopher Epicurus (341–270 BCE).

70. oldal, 4. fejezet - Will Justice Be Done? The Rise of Postmortem Rewards and Punishments (Simon & Schuster, 2020)

Bart D. Ehrman: Heaven and Hell A History of the Afterlife

Suzy_Suzy P>!

Whatever differences we can find in the passages of the Hebrew Bible we have already considered, one thing we can say for certain: in none of them can we find the traditional Christian views of the afterlife. That is true for the entire Old Testament. As one of the leading experts on afterlife in the ancient world, Alan Segal, the late scholar of Judaism, unequivocally stated: “There are not any notions of hell and heaven that we can identify in the Hebrew Bible, no obvious judgment and punishment for sinners nor beatific reward for the virtuous.”

92. oldal, 5. fejezet - Death After Death in the Hebrew Bible (Simon & Schuster, 2020)

Bart D. Ehrman: Heaven and Hell A History of the Afterlife

Suzy_Suzy P>!

One of my theses is that a close reading of Jesus’s words shows that in fact he had no idea of torment for sinners after death. Death, for them, is irreversible, the end of the story. Their punishment is that they will be annihilated, never allowed to exist again, unlike the saved, who will live forever in God’s glorious kingdom.

155. oldal, 8. fejezet - Jesus and the Afterlife (Simon & Schuster, 2020)

Bart D. Ehrman: Heaven and Hell A History of the Afterlife

Suzy_Suzy P>!

One of the surprising theses of this book is that these views do not go back to the earliest stages of Christianity. They cannot be found in the Old Testament and they are not what Jesus himself taught. Then where did they come from? A related thesis is that neither ancient Christianity nor the Judaism it was built on—let alone the other religions in their immediate context—had a single, solitary view of the afterlife. Both religions—and all the religions at the time—were remarkably diverse in their views. These various views competed with one another. Even within the New Testament, different key figures promoted divergent understandings. The apostle Paul had different views of the afterlife from Jesus, whose views were not the same as those found in the Gospel of Luke or the Gospel of John or the book of Revelation. Moreover, none of these views coincides exactly with those of Christian leaders of the second, third, and fourth centuries whose ideas became the basis for the understandings of many Christians today. So how did all these views originate?

Location 152-160., Preface (Simon & Schuster, 2020)

Bart D. Ehrman: Heaven and Hell A History of the Afterlife


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